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The universe remains cold until a redshift of around two. Although not visible here, the gas has begun to fall into the gravitational potential wells created by the clustering of the dark matter at speeds in excess of two hundred kilometers per second.
Subsequently the gas collides with itself as it rushes into the cluster cores and shock waves are generated which heat the gas to millions of degrees Kelvin. The hottest gas is found at the intersections of filaments and produces the brightest X-ray clusters. Warm gas in the 100,00 to 1 million degree range delineates the filaments which are all but invisible to X-ray telescopes.
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